01453nas a2200157   4500008004100000245005300041210005300094520089300147100002401040700002301064700002401087700002201111700002101133700002601154856011501180       2024                        eng d00aDynamic Bandwidth Allocation in MIMO 5G Networks0 aDynamic Bandwidth Allocation in MIMO 5G Networks3 aThe advent of 5G technology has ushered in a new era of wireless communication, characterized by its promise of high data rates, low latency, and enhanced connectivity. In this context, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems have emerged as a key enabler, leveraging advanced antenna arrays to simultaneously serve multiple users with increased spectral efficiency. This paper investigates the dynamic resource allocation problem in a MIMO 5G environment, where each user possesses distinct bandwidth requirements. The focus is on optimizing user allocation while considering the limited bandwidth and user capacity of base stations. By harnessing the
power of deep learning techniques, the proposed solution aims to efficiently manage the allocation of users to base station antennas, thereby maximizing overall network performance while accommodating heterogeneous user demands.1 aProdromos, Nikolaos1 aDiasakos, Damianos1 aKokkinos, Vasileios1 aGkamas, Apostolos1 aBouras, Christos1 aPouyioutas, Philippos  uhttp://telematics.upatras.gr/telematics/publications/dynamic-bandwidth-allocation-mimo-5g-networks?language=el01467nas a2200157   4500008004100000245005100041210005100092520088800143100004201031700003001073700002401103700002101127700002201148700002601170856011301196       2024                        eng d00aEnergy Efficiency Analysis of DUDe 5G Networks0 aEnergy Efficiency Analysis of DUDe 5G Networks3 aIn this paper we evaluate the energy efficiency of Downlink/Uplink Decoupling (DUDe) systems by considering the energy consumption of each Base Station (BS) and the communication overhead between the BSs and User Equipment (UE). Through extensive simulations, the energy efficiency of DUDe systems is evaluated under various scenarios, such as different UE densities, Base Stations (BSs) configurations, and traffic patterns. The simulation results indicate that the proposed DUDe system can achieve significant energy savings compared to traditional centralized 5G systems. The impact of various parameters on energy efficiency is also analyzed, providing guidelines for designing energy-efficient DUDe systems. The paper emphasizes the significance of energy-efficient design in 5G networks, as it can significantly reduce the operational costs and carbon footprint of the network.1 aKatsigiannis, Chrysostomos-Athanasios1 aTsachrelias, Konstantinos1 aKokkinos, Vasileios1 aBouras, Christos1 aGkamas, Apostolos1 aPouyioutas, Philippos  uhttp://telematics.upatras.gr/telematics/publications/energy-efficiency-analysis-dude-5g-networks?language=el02227nas a2200157   4500008004100000245009500041210006900136520153700205100004201742700003001784700002401814700002101838700002201859700002601881856016201907       2024                        eng d00aEnhancing Real – Time IoT Applications: Latency Reduction Techniques in 5G MIMO Networks0 aEnhancing Real Time IoT Applications Latency Reduction Technique3 aIn the ever-growing field of 5G technology, Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems hold the promise of substantial improvements in network capacity and efficiency. However, the demand for low latency, im-posed by real-time Internet of Things (IoT) applications presents some significant obstacles. This study delves into novel approaches to reducing latency within 5G MIMO setups, focusing particularly on the integration of shortened Transmission Time Intervals (TTIs) and preemptive scheduling tactics. Through simulations involving a small-scale MIMO configuration servicing multiple IoT devices, this study thoroughly evaluates the effects of these methods on transmission latency. The desired result is to demonstrate that the adoption of reduced TTIs notably mitigates overall latency, thereby augmenting the efficacy of time-sensitive IoT tasks such as industrial automation and healthcare monitoring systems. This re-search not only contributes to the theoretical progression of 5G communications but also furnishes practical insights for network operators and system designers trying to fine-tune 5G networks for evolving IoT environments. The simulation results indicate that the proposed techniques significantly reduce latency by ap-proximately 30% compared to standard configurations, particularly benefiting high-priority IoT applications. These findings highlight the effectiveness of shortened TTIs and preemptive scheduling in enhancing the performance of real-time IoT tasks within 5G MIMO networks.1 aKatsigiannis, Chrysostomos-Athanasios1 aTsachrelias, Konstantinos1 aKokkinos, Vasileios1 aBouras, Christos1 aGkamas, Apostolos1 aPouyioutas, Philippos  uhttp://telematics.upatras.gr/telematics/publications/enhancing-real-%E2%80%93-time-iot-applications-latency-reduction-techniques-5g-mimo-networks?language=el01610nas a2200169   4500008004100000245007700041210006900118300001400187520093500201100003001136700004201166700002401208700002201232700002101254700002601275856013901301       2024                        eng d00aOptimizing Resource Allocation in 5G MIMO Networks Using DUDe Techniques0 aOptimizing Resource Allocation in 5G MIMO Networks Using DUDe Te  a454 - 4593 aIn the landscape of 5G networks, efficient resource allocation stands as a critical factor in meeting the diverse demands of applications and users. This paper delves into optimizing resource allocation within 5G Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) networks by leveraging Downlink/Uplink Decoupling (DUDe) techniques. MIMO technology, enabling the simultaneous transmission of multiple data streams, holds promise for boosting spectral efficiency. However, accommodating the dynamic and diverse user requirements poses a significant challenge in resource allocation. By employing advanced DUDe techniques, this research aims to dynamically allocate resources in 5G MIMO networks, seeking to enhance throughput, minimize latency, and optimize user satisfaction. Through simulation-based analysis, this paper highlights the efficacy of the proposed approach in significantly improving network performance and resource utilization.1 aTsachrelias, Konstantinos1 aKatsigiannis, Chrysostomos-Athanasios1 aKokkinos, Vasileios1 aGkamas, Apostolos1 aBouras, Christos1 aPouyioutas, Philippos  uhttp://telematics.upatras.gr/telematics/publications/optimizing-resource-allocation-5g-mimo-networks-using-dude-techniques?language=el01533nas a2200157   4500008004100000245005600041210005600097520093900153100004201092700002201134700003001156700002101186700002401207700002601231856011801257       2024                        eng d00aPower Consumption Analysis in DUDe 5G MIMO Networks0 aPower Consumption Analysis in DUDe 5G MIMO Networks3 aThe advent of 5G technology has brought unprecedented advancements in wireless communication, promising higher data rates and improved user experiences. However, the implementation of Multiple-Input Multiple-
Output (MIMO) techniques in 5G networks has significantly increased power consumption, posing a challenge to sustainability and operational costs. This study conducts a comparative analysis of energy efficiency in 5G MIMO networks, specifically between Downlink Uplink Coupling (DUCo) and Downlink Uplink Decoupling (DUDe) techniques. By examining the remaining power in the Base Stations (BSs) of the implemented Heterogeneous Network (HetNet), this analysis evaluates the potential of DUDe over DUCo in managing power consumption. The findings of this study aim to assist network operators, researchers, and policymakers in developing greener
and more sustainable 5G infrastructures for a cleaner, energyefficient future.1 aKatsigiannis, Chrysostomos-Athanasios1 aGkamas, Apostolos1 aTsachrelias, Konstantinos1 aBouras, Christos1 aKokkinos, Vasileios1 aPouyioutas, Philippos  uhttp://telematics.upatras.gr/telematics/publications/power-consumption-analysis-dude-5g-mimo-networks?language=el01596nas a2200157   4500008004100000245006800041210006800109520096600177100004201143700002201185700003001207700002101237700002401258700002601282856013001308       2024                        eng d00aSimulation Based Energy Efficiency Analysis of DUDe 5G Networks0 aSimulation Based Energy Efficiency Analysis of DUDe 5G Networks3 aTo be able to respond to the explosively increased data traffic demand of 5G and beyond networks (Internet of Things (IoT) , Voice/Video calls, Peer2Peer (P2P) software, etc.), one of the most promising technologies are densified Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets). In HetNets, base stations are brought closer to users with the placement of small base stations, which results in better spectral and energy efficiency for cellular systems. However, the HetNet topology challenges traditional cellular systems. One of the most important challenges is user association. Aiming to avoid the drawback caused by Downlink/Uplink Coupling (DUCo) access in HetNets user association, a Downlink/Uplink Decoupling DUDe Access approach has emerged. By allowing access points in the uplink and downlink association to be different, DUDe greatly improves the uplink performance of HetNets. In this paper, we evaluate energy efficiency and resource allocation of DUDe approach.1 aKatsigiannis, Chrysostomos-Athanasios1 aGkamas, Apostolos1 aTsachrelias, Konstantinos1 aBouras, Christos1 aKokkinos, Vasileios1 aPouyioutas, Philippos  uhttp://telematics.upatras.gr/telematics/publications/simulation-based-energy-efficiency-analysis-dude-5g-networks?language=el01960nas a2200157   4500008004100000245007800041210006900119520132000188100003001508700003101538700002401569700002201593700002101615700002601636856014001662       2023                        eng d00aBandwidth Optimization Techniques in Heterogeneous 5G Networks Using DUDe0 aBandwidth Optimization Techniques in Heterogeneous 5G Networks U3 aThe deployment of 5G networks has led to a significant increase in demand for high-speed data rates and improved overall network performance. HetNets are a promising solution for providing coverage and capacity
enhancements for 5G networks. However, one of the key  challenges in HetNets is the optimization of bandwidth allocation. Traditional resource allocation techniques are limited in their ability to provide efficient and effective solutions for 5G networks. To address this challenge, a novel technology called DUDe (Downlink/Uplink Decoupling) has been proposed. DUDe optimizes bandwidth allocation in HetNets by dynamically adjusting the allocation of network resources to user demand and network conditions. The motivation of this paper is to highlight the importance of DUDe technology in macro cell offloading in 5G HetNets. The paper evaluates the
performance of DUDe in comparison to traditional resource allocation techniques and provides insights into the key factors that influence its effectiveness. Moreover, this paper presents a detailed analysis of simulations results and provides recommendations for future research. The findings of this study will be useful for network operators and researchers in developing more efficient and effective resource allocation strategies for 5G networks.1 aTsachrelias, Konstantinos1 aKatsigiannis, Chrysostomos1 aKokkinos, Vasileios1 aGkamas, Apostolos1 aBouras, Christos1 aPouyioutas, Philippos  uhttp://telematics.upatras.gr/telematics/publications/bandwidth-optimization-techniques-heterogeneous-5g-networks-using-dude?language=el01796nas a2200157   4500008004100000245007300041210006900114520118300183100002101366700002301387700002201410700002401432700002601456700002401482856013201506       2023                        eng d00aEvaluation of User Allocation Techniques in Massive MIMO 5G Networks0 aEvaluation of User Allocation Techniques in Massive MIMO 5G Netw3 aMassive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) is a fundamental technique for improving the efficiency of 5G wireless networks. At the base station, it calls for the use of numerous antennas—usually in the dozens or even hundreds. In addition to better coverage and less interference, this enables a large increase in the amount of data that can be delivered and received simultaneously. By enabling more precise signal transmission and reception, Massive MIMO can also result in significant energy savings. The use of optimization techniques can further improve the performance of 5G networks. The aim of this paper is to investigate a signal quality optimization technique for MIMO in which users are allocated to antennas according to different algorithms. For our research, the DeepMIMO simulator produced a dataset that sets up all necessary parameters. In our study, we examine different techniques for user allocation in 5G MIMO Networks. We conclude that transforming the problem of user allocation to a linear assignment problem in order to find the most efficient connection between the users and the base stations is one of the best ways to optimize user allocation.1 aBouras, Christos1 aDiasakos, Damianos1 aApostolopoulos, A1 aKokkinos, Vasileios1 aPouyioutas, Philippos1 aPrpdromos, Nikolaos  uhttp://telematics.upatras.gr/telematics/publications/evaluation-user-allocation-techniques-massive-mimo-5g-networks?language=el01965nas a2200157   4500008004100000245009400041210006900135520129200204100003001496700002201526700004201548700002101590700002401611700002601635856014601661       2023                        eng d00aOn the Optimization of User Allocation in Heterogeneous 5G Networks Using DUDe Techniques0 aOptimization of User Allocation in Heterogeneous 5G Networks Usi3 aIn previous years, 3G and 4G cellular homogeneous networks configured with macro Base Stations (BSs) relied only on the downlink signal, even though transmission power and interference levels differ significantly between uplink and downlink. In 5G Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet), a new generation which have multiple BSs of different types such as Femto BS and Macro BS, there is the possibility of choosing to receive the data from one BS and transmit them to a different BS, and therefore decoupling the uplink and downlink. Especially, the increasing demand for faster, more reliable, and efficient connectivity has made the optimization of User Equipment (UE) allocation in 5G networks a crucial task. To tackle the challenges posed by heterogeneous 5G networks, this study compares and evaluates the performance of Downlink/Uplink Decoupling (DUDe) and traditional Downlink/Uplink Coupled (DUCo) user allocation approaches. Simulation results show that DUDe UE allocation outperforms DUCo by providing improved network performance and more efficient utilization of network resources in diverse network conditions. These findings have important implications for the design and optimization of 5G networks and provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the field.1 aTsachrelias, Konstantinos1 aGkamas, Apostolos1 aKatsigiannis, Chrysostomos-Athanasios1 aBouras, Christos1 aKokkinos, Vasileios1 aPouyioutas, Philippos  uhttp://telematics.upatras.gr/telematics/publications/optimization-user-allocation-heterogeneous-5g-networks-using-dude-techniques?language=el01771nas a2200145   4500008004100000245008500041210006900126520116300195100002101358700003201379700002401411700002201435700002601457856014201483       2023                        eng d00aOptimizing Network Performance in 5G Systems with Downlink and Uplink Decoupling0 aOptimizing Network Performance in 5G Systems with Downlink and U3 aThis research paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the optimization of resource allocation in 5G networks through the technique of Downlink and Uplink Decoupling (DUDe). With the growing need for accurate modeling and scenario planning in 5G systems, DUDe allows for the configuration of an additional, lower frequency signal on the uplink to complement the existing uplink signal, rebalancing the uplink/downlink difference at the cell edge and enhancing coverage and network capacity. Drawing on extensive literature and industry trends, this study explores the benefits and challenges of DUDe, considering its impact on network performance, user experience, and future developments. The paper also introduces a simulation-based methodology and experiments to evaluate the  effectiveness of DUDe in improving coverage, capacity, latency, and energy efficiency. The findings contribute to the understanding of DUDe’s potential in optimizing 5G networks, providing valuable insights for researchers and network operators in designing and deploying efficient resource allocation strategies for enhanced network performance in various scenarios.1 aBouras, Christos1 aChatzigeorgiou, Charalampos1 aKokkinos, Vasileios1 aGkamas, Apostolos1 aPouyioutas, Philippos  uhttp://telematics.upatras.gr/telematics/publications/optimizing-network-performance-5g-systems-downlink-and-uplink-decoupling?language=el01772nas a2200145   4500008004100000245008900041210006900130520115100199100002101350700003201371700002401403700002201427700002601449856015101475       2023                        eng d00aOptimizing Resource Allocation in 5G Networks through Downlink and Uplink Decoupling0 aOptimizing Resource Allocation in 5G Networks through Downlink a3 aThis research paper sets out to explore the multifaceted and complex topic of decoupling downlink and uplink in 5G networks, with a view to optimizing resource allocation. Drawing on an extensive range of current literature and industry trends, the authors conduct a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the potential benefits and drawbacks of decoupling, taking into account the impact on network capacity, flexibility, and user experience. Additionally, the article offers valuable insights into the practical implementation of decoupling in real-world 5G networks, including an exploration of the challenges and considerations that may arise, and potential future developments in this field. Through a rigorous and meticulous examination of the topic, the authors aim to provide an understanding of the subject, offering valuable guidance and insights to future researchers and developers working in this area. With a focus on depth and detail, this paper represents a vital contribution to the ongoing dialogue surrounding decoupling in 5G networks and has the potential to drive significant advancements in the
field in the years to come.1 aBouras, Christos1 aChatzigeorgiou, Charalampos1 aKokkinos, Vasileios1 aGkamas, Apostolos1 aPouyioutas, Philippos  uhttp://telematics.upatras.gr/telematics/publications/optimizing-resource-allocation-5g-networks-through-downlink-and-uplink-decoupling?language=el01612nas a2200145   4500008004100000245007400041210006900115520103500184100002201219700002101241700002401262700002201286700002601308856013201334       2023                        eng d00aReinforcement Learning Approach for Resource Allocation in 5G HetNets0 aReinforcement Learning Approach for Resource Allocation in 5G He3 aHeterogeneous Networks (HetNets) have been hailed as a critical technology for 5G communications, allowing for the rapid expansion of mobile traffic. HetNets can increase network capacity and serve additional users by installing small cells inside macrocells. However, resource allocation for such networks becomes more challenging than for conventional cellular networks due to interference between small-cells and macrocells, making it more difficult to provide quality of service. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has opened the door for applications in resource allocation for 5G HetNets, because of recent breakthroughs in the field. We present a unique resource allocation technique based on DRL that may be used to both small and macro cells. According to the resource allocation process, an autonomous “agent”, in our case a cell, makes judgments to determine the appropriate BS to assign to a user, and the optimal number of Resource Blocks that should be allocated, while not needing or waiting for any information.1 aAllagiotis, Fivos1 aBouras, Christos1 aKokkinos, Vasileios1 aGkamas, Apostolos1 aPouyioutas, Philippos  uhttp://telematics.upatras.gr/telematics/publications/reinforcement-learning-approach-resource-allocation-5g-hetnets?language=el01356nas a2200133   4500008004100000245005100041210005000092520086900142100002101011700003201032700002201064700002601086856011001112       2023                        eng d00aTechno-Economic Analysis of IoT Networks in 5G0 aTechnoEconomic Analysis of IoT Networks in 5G3 aThis article evaluates the Techno-economic analysis of IoT networks in 5G. The study analyzed the proposed model for the Internet of Things and the Femtocell in ascertaining the feasibility of the models for the 5G network. The study entirely majors on the analysis of the LoRa WAN network because of its adequate characteristics of low power consumption, easy scalability, and high coverage. It is license-free, which facilitates reduced costs and fast developments. Compared with the expected revenue to be collected during the growth period, the cost elements were Operating Expenditure (OPEX) and Capital Expenditure (CAPEX). The analysis of the results shows that the 5G network is more significant than the 4G LTE because of the lower cost associated with it and the increase in the data transferability that the 5G offers, and the increased number of users.1 aBouras, Christos1 aChatzigeorgiou, Charalampos1 aKollia, Anastasia1 aPouyioutas, Philippos  uhttp://telematics.upatras.gr/telematics/publications/techno-economic-analysis-iot-networks-5g?language=el01631nas a2200145   4500008004100000245007900041210006900120520104400189100002401233700002101257700002401278700002201302700002601324856013501350       2022                        eng d00aA Game Theoretic Approach for Efficient Resource Allocation in 5G Networks0 aGame Theoretic Approach for Efficient Resource Allocation in 5G 3 aHeterogeneous Networks (HetNets) have been lauded as a key technology for 5G communications, enabling fast growth in mobile traffic. HetNets may also expand the network’s capacity and serve more users. However, interference between small cells and macro-cells makes Quality of Service (QoS) more difficult to achieve, and thus novel protocols, new technologies, and future trends should also be included in order to provide efficiency in Resource Allocation (RA). Game Theory (GT) concepts have been widely used in a variety of engineering design challenges in which one component’s activity affects and perhaps conflicts with the actions of other components. As a result, game formulations are utilized, and the idea of equilibrium is applied to find a stable solution for the participants. In this paper, we compare two algorithms used for RA, the first being a classical RA algorithm and the second being a game theoretic one. The game implemented is called “Tragedy of the Commons”, and is applied in a non-cooperative network.1 aKoukouvela, Aspasia1 aBouras, Christos1 aKokkinos, Vasileios1 aGkamas, Apostolos1 aPouyioutas, Philippos  uhttp://telematics.upatras.gr/telematics/publications/game-theoretic-approach-efficient-resource-allocation-5g-networks?language=el01351nas a2200145   4500008004100000245006600041210006400107520079800171100002000969700002400989700002201013700002601035700002101061856012301082       2022                        eng d00aA Machine Learning Approach to User Assignment in 5G Networks0 aMachine Learning Approach to User Assignment in 5G Networks3 aWith the advancement of wireless networks the data needs of the wireless internet have become so great, and the use of 4G and 5G so ubiquitous, that challenges arise in the availability and distribution of resources. In this paper we examine an application of Machine Learning and subsequently Neural Networks to offer a solution to this problem. The, now more than ever, profound availability of processing power greatly empowers and makes the deployment of these tools easier than ever, even in problems where in the past their application would not be feasible. The use of machine learning techniques to distribute resources in wireless networks is investigated and contrasted to a traditional algorithmic method. Scenarios are also entertained in which such approaches might be applicable.1 aKouris, Michael1 aKokkinos, Vasileios1 aGkamas, Apostolos1 aPouyioutas, Philippos1 aBouras, Christos  uhttp://telematics.upatras.gr/telematics/publications/machine-learning-approach-user-assignment-5g-networks?language=el01672nas a2200133   4500008004100000245011400041210006900155520104600224100002101270700003201291700002201323700002601345856016701371       2022                        eng d00aTechno-economic analysis of Cloud Computing supported by 5G: A Cloud vs On Premise based solutions comparison0 aTechnoeconomic analysis of Cloud Computing supported by 5G A Clo3 aCloud computing has gotten a lot of press in the IT world because it allows users to have instant access to a shared pool of configurable computer resources with no effort on their part. It is now being discussed as an enabler for more flexible, cost-effective, and powerful mobile network implementations in the communication technology (CT) sector.In this paper, a techno-economic analysis of a Cloud-based solution compared to an On-premise based one is developed. The technologies are analyzed in a technical way. Mathematical models that help determine the models’ pricing is analyzed. What is more, several experiments are conducted determining if the advantages and profits outweigh the disadvantages of each proposed solution. Also, the way 5G helps scale all these processes is analyzed. Finally, this article analyzes the conclusions of the work, as well as the result of the techno-economic study that was carried out, to explain to the reader the overall benefits provided to users by exploiting the Cloud Computing technology.1 aBouras, Christos1 aChatzigeorgiou, Charalampos1 aKollia, Anastasia1 aPouyioutas, Philippos  uhttp://telematics.upatras.gr/telematics/publications/techno-economic-analysis-cloud-computing-supported-5g-cloud-vs-premise-based-solutions-comparison?language=el